The developed correlations of liquid film thickness, ligament number, droplet diameter are summarized. The mechanism, phenomenon, influence factors of centrifugal granulation process from analytical, experimental and numerical simulation sides are discussed. A typical process of centrifugal granulation - physical heat recovery - resource utilization with the advantages of simple structure and a large waste heat recovery potential is focused in this review. The traditional water quenching waste heat recovery method is expected to be replaced by dry post-processing technologies due to the water conservation and efficiency issues. The molten blast furnace slags, a kind of main by-product in Iron and Steel industry, contains a substantial amount of high-grade thermal energy and untapped resources, and thus their heat recovery and resource utilization are essential to industrial energy saving and emission reduction. Here, the current status and developing trends of utilization technologies of slags in both countries are reviewed. Technological innovations in slag recycling are crucial for the steel industries in Japan and China. However, increasing the utilization ratio of basic oxygen furnace slags remains a major challenge. For example, hot stage processing of slags for materials as well as heat recovery techniques has been widely applied in steel plants with good results. The utilization ratios of ironmaking and steelmaking slags have risen steadily in recent years, driven largely by technological advances. China is the top steel producer in the world. For example, the utilization of steelmaking slags in offshore seabeds to create marine forests is under development. Exploring new functions or applications of slags has become a research priority in Japan. However, due to stagnant infrastructural investments, future applications of slags in conventional sectors are expected to be difficult. Slags are almost completely reused or recycled in Japan. Japan and China are two major steel producing countries that have placed a large emphasis on developing new technologies to decrease slag emission or promote slag valorization.
The treatment of ironmaking and steelmaking slags is a great challenge in the sustainable development of the steel industry.
The mass production of steel is inevitably accompanied by large quantities of slags.
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